Choosing a good sow is very important. It is related to the survival rate and health of the piglets. Therefore, farmers must do this first step and choose a good sow. Then what is a good sow? ? What standard does it have? Let's go and have a look with the editor. The sows are required to be in good health, with long body shape, large physique, wide front chest, wide rear hips, high legs, body length, straight or slightly curved waist, high weight gain and feed remuneration, neat arrangement of nipples, prominent nipples, and effective nipples In 7 pairs or more, the pubic area is well developed and there is no reproduction defect.

1. Feeding and management of sows

The breeding of sows is extensive. Mainly green roughage, with diversified feed mix, play a nutritional complementary role. Appropriate feeding of concentrates in the late pregnancy and lactation period. Before mating, thin sows should be supplemented with concentrate after mating to restore their strength as soon as possible. This feeding method has low cost and high economic benefit. Adopt single pen breeding for sows. There are two key periods for pregnant sows; the first is 17-22 days after mating, when the fertilized egg is implanted in the uterine horn. If the management is not good during this period, a few pigs are placed in a pen, the pigs fight each other, crowded, and the pens are uneven, causing the sows to fall or chase the sows, which can easily cause miscarriage. Salt, bone meal or eggshell powder, vitamins, minerals, etc. should be added to the feed. After this period, you can use more green roughage and less concentrate to prevent the sow from getting over-fat. The second is the stage of fetus development from 90 days after pregnancy to birth. Especially in the last 20 days, the weight gain of the fetus accounts for about 60% of its initial weight. The sow has a strong appetite. If the feeding management is not good, the fetus will not develop fully, and the sow will lose weight due to consumption of its own nutrients. Conversely, if the sow is over-fed, it can also cause abortion or stillbirth.

2. Heat and breeding of sows

The sow is a multi-cycle estrus animal and can be bred all year round. The estrus cycle is 21 days. The suitable mating age for sows: the introduced breeds are 8-10 months old and weigh about 100 kg; the local breeds are 6-8 months old and weigh 70-90 kg. Premature breeding will affect the growth and development of sows and the birth weight and lactation ability of sows. The timing of breeding should be grasped. "Older matches early, less matches late, not old and many matches middle." The timing of the breeding depends on the variety. The local varieties have obvious estrus symptoms, mainly including: red and swollen vagina, mucus outflow, frequent Urination, unsteady behavior, crawling, decreased appetite, standing motionless when pressing the back of the sow, erecting both ears, etc. Lean pigs have a late sexual maturity and have no obvious signs of estrus. The breeder must carefully observe and master the changes in the vulva and behavior of each sow. Hybrid sows are usually bred in the afternoon of the second day or the morning of the third day from the beginning of estrus. Press the waist of the sow to keep it in place, so that the boar is most suitable for breeding when it is climbing. In order to make the sow more fertile, repeated mating and double mating are adopted. Repeated mating is to mate once 20 to 30 hours after the start of estrus, and then use the same boar at an interval of 12 to 18 hours. The second time; and the double breeding is to use two boars of different breeds with an interval of 5 to 15 minutes. In this way, the conception rate can be increased, and the goal of more pregnant with high yield can be achieved.

3. Conception and farrowing of sows

After the sow is bred, it is no longer in heat for more than 20 days, and the appetite increases, the hair is shiny, the temperament becomes docile, tired, sleepy, the vulva shrinks, and the tail droops, it can be considered as pregnant. When you are pregnant for about 90 days, you can touch the fetus by gently pressing the abdomen with your hands. The gestation period of sows is 112~116 days (local pigs have a short gestation period and attract a long breed of pigs; young pigs have a shorter gestation period and a longer gestation period), with an average of 114 days, that is, "three, three , Three" (March, three weeks, three days). In order to prepare well before delivery, the expected delivery date of each sow should be calculated. 7~10 days before delivery, the birth ring should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, matted with soft, chopped bedding, ready to receive delivery tools, and staff on duty day and night should be arranged.

3 to 5 days before delivery, sows have symptoms of labor: breast enlargement, fever, swollen nipples, redness, shiny, thickened, and sometimes a small amount of thin milk can be expressed. The vulva is swollen, loose, red or purplish in color, and thin mucus flows out from it. During the day and night or a few hours before delivery, most sows can squeeze or leak yellowish, viscous colostrum from the nipple in front of them. If the sow is disturbed, grazing in the grass mat, standing restlessly, getting up from time to time, lying down, wandering, lifting the tail, sometimes urinating frequently, beginning to have labor pains, and mucus flowing out of the vulva, it means that it will be delivered soon. The delivery personnel should be carefully disinfected, prepare for delivery, and let the sow enter the farrowing house and move into the farrowing bed. Wash and disinfect the sow before going to bed, especially the sow's nipples. In order to prevent the sow's nipple from being dirty, causing digestive tract diseases in piglets. During the delivery process, it is strictly forbidden for births or children to watch the excitement or make loud noises at the scene, so as not to panic and move the sows, affect the delivery or crush the piglets. After all the piglets have given birth, the delivery personnel should immediately remove and wipe the mucous membranes on the mouth and nose of the piglets, then wipe the whole body, and immediately cut off the umbilical cord. The excreted afterbirths should be removed immediately. It is strictly forbidden for sows to swallow the afterbirths. The sows just after giving birth are fed some warm bean cakes, bran or rice bran water, and appropriate salt. 2-3 days after childbirth, do not feed too much or too thick, the feed is adjusted into a gruel, and the feeding amount is gradually increased. The sow has 5-6 years of economic value, and the good sow has 8 years of economic value. Older sows should be eliminated, otherwise there will be fewer litters, weak litters, and stillbirths. The conception rate of sows is also directly related to the primiparous sows being bred too early, too late, overweight, overweight, and reproductive system diseases. For sows with repeated infertility, reproductive system diseases (such as endometritis, vaginitis, etc.) should be considered and treated in time. Therefore, it is the most difficult stage before and after parturition for sows. Anorexia and constipation are prone to symptoms if improperly managed, so prevention must be done. If there is an abnormal situation in the sow, do not use drugs at will. You should consult a professional in time and carry out reasonable and effective treatment under their guidance to minimize the impact on the fetus.